Refractive errors in mixed breed dogs of different ages

The purpose of the study was to evaluate occurrence and range refractive errors in dogs different ages. A total 99 clinically healthy, mixed-breed mesocephalic were included divided into three age groups according current human/pet analogy chart: 40 adults (23 males, 17 females, 1–8 years old, 3–70 kg), 21 seniors (14 7 6–11 7–42 38 geriatrics (22 males, 16 8–13 5–45 kg). All underwent an ophthalmic examination, including Schirmer tear test, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy. Neither eye drops nor pharmacological sedatives administered before autorefractometry. states assessed bilaterally using a hand-held Retinomax 3 (Righton) autorefractor. results statistical analysis Statistica v12 software (ANOVA t-test). P-value < 0.05 considered as significant. Emmetropia, defined state > −0.5 D < +0.5 D, found 36% adult, 43% senior, 38% geriatric patients. Anisometropia 1% 9.5% senior 5.5% when power two eyes differed ≥ 1.0 myopia ≤ hyperopia 23% 41% adult globes well 24% 33% 15% 47% dogs, respectively. maximal values −2.5 −2.75 1.75 2.5 No statistically significant correlation between groups. Ametropia is common for most frequent ametropic mixed-bed all hyperopia.